聚环氧琥珀酸钠阻碳酸钙垢性能研究

研究了聚环氧琥珀酸钠在不同因素下的阻碳酸钙性能。实验结果表明 ,聚环氧琥珀酸钠具有较高的阻垢性能和较好的热稳定性 ,在高钙离子浓度、高温水系统中长时间停留对碳酸钙仍有较强的抑制作用。     

厂坝铅锌矿床中钠长石岩的成因探讨

厂坝铅锌矿床中钠长石岩的产状、常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和放射性同位素等地质地球化学特征表明．该岩石为中泥盆统成矿流体在海底沉积和交代围岩形成的典型热液沉积岩——钠长石岩，其物质来自矿体的下状沉积地层柱和海水。该沉积岩在后期的强烈变质改造过程中，发生了重结晶作用。     

下古生界海相碳酸盐烃源岩地球化学的研究现状

本文对国内外下古生界海相碳酸盐岩研究的四个主要方面作了总结：（1）有机质丰度及其影响因素；（2）有机质赋存形式；（3）下古生界海相碳酸盐岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力恢复方法和原理；（4）下古生界海相碳酸盐岩热成熟度研究。这四个方面是评价我国下古生界海相碳酸盐岩勘探前景至关重要的因素，也是近年来我们研究下古生界海相碳酸盐岩的热点和难点问题。     

利用干酪根固体~(13)C核磁共振法研究下古生界碳酸盐岩的热演化程度

应用固体~(13)C－NMR技术对下古生界,海相碳酸盐岩干酪根的化学组成和结构特征进行研究，提出应用该技术所测算的干酪根结构参数“芳核平均结构尺寸”能较准确地反映碳酸盐岩的热成熟度。首次提出芳核平均结构尺寸与镜质体反射率之间的关系在干酪根的热演化过程中具有“三段式”特征。利用这一成果对华北地区下古生界成熟度进行了测定，与地质背景甚为吻合。     

Microbial response to CaCO3 application in an acid soil in southern China

Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) application is widely used to ameliorate soil acidification. To counteract soil and bacterial community response to CaCO₃ application in an acidic paddy soil in southern China, a field experiment was conducted with four different dosages of CaCO₃ addition, 0, 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha, respectively. After one seasonal growth of rice, soil physicochemical properties, soil respiration and bacterial communities were investigated. Results showed that soil pH increased accordingly with increasing dose of CaCO₃ addition, and 7.5?tons/ha addition increased soil pH to neutral condition. Moderate dose of CaCO₃ application (4.5?tons/ha) significantly increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) content, enhanced soil respiration, while the excessive CaCO₃ application (7.5?tons/ha) decreased these soil properties. High-throughput sequencing results illustrated that moderate dose of CaCO₃ application increased the richness and alpha diversity of soil bacterial community. Compared with control, the relative abundance of Anaerolineaceae family belonging to Chloroflexi phylum increased by 38.7%, 35.4% and 24.5% under 2.25, 4.5 and 7.5?tons/ha treatments, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil pH was the most important factor shaping soil bacterial community. The results of this study suggest that proper dose of CaCO₃ additions to acid paddy soil in southern China could have positive effects on soil properties and bacterial community.     

Soot reduction by addition of dimethyl carbonate in normal and inverse ethylene diffusion flames: Nanostructural evidence

Oxygenated fuel represents an attractive alternative as an additive for reducing soot emissions.Dimethyl carbonate(DMC) is an oxygenated compound which is a good option to reduce soot,but the detailed characteristics of soot produced from combustion of hydrocarbon fuels blended with DMC are still lacking. The present research studied the nanostructure and reactivity of soot particles in ethylene/DMC normal and inverse diffusion flames. High resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)were used to analyze the nanostructure and reactivity of soot. It was found that DMC addition was effective in decreasing the average weights of soot formed in flames. The results of HRTEM images showed that soot particles obtained with DMC addition showed liquid-like material and tight bonding, and exhibited more highly disorganized layers, which give it higher reactivity than soot obtained without DMC addition. Furthermore, HRTEM was used to analyze soot fringe characteristics consisting of fringe tortuosity, fringe length, and fringe separation. XRD was used to crosscheck the results for fringe separation, and was consistent with HRTEM results. In addition, the mass loss curve of TGA experiments showed that DMC addition could enhance the reactivity of soot particles.     

基于稳定碳同位素技术的干旱区绿洲土壤有机碳向无机碳的转移

应用稳定碳同位素技术测定土壤无机碳稳定碳同位素组成(soil inorganic carbonδ13C,SICδ13C),并对干旱区绿洲土壤无机碳进行区分,结合土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)与SIC含量关系进一步探讨SOC向SIC转移的碳量.结果表明,4种类型土壤SICδ13C值差异性极显著(P0.01),风沙土SICδ13C值最高且为正,均值为(0.32±0.04)‰,随土层深度增加而增加,说明风沙土原生性碳酸盐占绝对优势;灌漠土、棕漠土和盐碱土SIC的δ13C均值分别(-0.30±0.24)‰、(-1.96±0.66)‰和(-1.24±0.49)‰,随土层变化均呈先降低后逐渐增大的趋势,说明灌漠土原生性碳酸盐占优势,棕漠土和盐碱土发生性碳酸盐相对前者占优势.风沙土、灌漠土、棕漠土和盐碱土的发生性碳酸盐占SIC比例均值分别为1.33%、4.72%、15.01%、35.71%,均小于50%,说明干旱区绿洲土壤发生性碳酸盐比例总体水平较低.风沙土、灌漠土、棕漠土和盐碱土在土壤发生性碳酸盐形成或重结晶过程中固定土壤CO2的量分别为0.30、2.44、4.96、12.40 g·kg~(-1),其中固定来自大气CO2量平均为0.18、0.79、1.45、8.67 g·kg~(-1),来自SOC氧化分解转化为CO2的量分别为0.06、0.83、1.62、1.86g·kg~(-1),说明盐碱土、棕漠土SOC的贡献相对较高,灌漠土、风沙土较低;对土壤固定CO2量的来源比较发现,风沙土、盐碱土固定土壤CO2的量来自大气CO2量较高,SOC的贡献较低,而灌漠土、棕漠土固定来自SOC氧化分解CO2的量较高,大气贡献较低.研究区整体SOC向SIC的碳转移量介于0.03~2.38 g·kg~(-1)之间,平均每千克土壤固定1.09 g的CO2,说明干旱区绿洲土壤发生性碳酸盐所占比例较低,SOC的贡献较少.     

模糊评判在岩质边坡稳定性评价中的应用

在工程实践中,影响岩质边坡稳定性的因素众多,不同因素的影响程度不相同,具有不确定性,因此选择合适的方法对岩质边坡稳定性进行评价尤为关键。本文采用模糊综合评判方法对岩质边坡进行稳定性评价,首先阐明了如何建立模糊评判体系以及权重和隶属度的确定方法,然后以某岩质边坡为实例,采用模糊评判方法对其稳定性进行了评价,结果表明模糊评判的结果与实际情况较为吻合,说明该方法真实、有效,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于悬臂梁力学模型分析高边坡危岩体的稳定性——以四川省三清村高边坡W1危岩体为例

四川省苍溪县三清村高边坡的稳定性对当地居民的人身安全构成了威胁,需要对高边坡进行稳定性分析和评价。本文针对三清村高边坡自来水厂段W1危岩体,采用悬臂梁力学模型对其稳定性进行了定量计算及分析,结果表明:将计算所得的W1危岩体截面的最大剪切应力与截面允许的最大剪切应力进行对比,可以判断W1危岩体在自然条件下处于稳定状态,在暴雨和地震条件下处于不稳定状态,该结果与野外的宏观判断结论基本一致。     

基于强度折减法的港珠澳大桥沉管隧道干坞工程高边坡稳定性分析

在列举和分析比较当前岩土工程领域边坡稳定性分析的各种主要方法的基础上,概述了强度折减法的基本原理、主要特点和优势,并以港珠澳大桥沉管隧道干坞大型临时工程拟建场地的岩质高边坡为实例,应用强度折减法基于FLAC3D软件对该边坡的稳定性进行了计算和分析,确定了边界条件和强度参数,计算了该边坡的安全系数,结果表明自然工况下边坡处于稳定状态,底部开挖以后边坡趋于欠稳定状态,同时指出了边坡的关键变形部位,可为后续的设计和施工提供参考。